Which of the following is a common sign of necrotizing enterocolitis in a newborn?

• A. Frequent urination
• B. Abdominal distension
• C. Excessive sleepiness
• D. Yellowing of the skin

Answer: (B)

Abdominal distension is a well-known sign of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in newborns. NEC is a serious gastrointestinal condition that primarily affects premature infants and is characterized by inflammation and bacterial invasion of the intestinal wall, which can lead to the death of intestinal tissue. When the intestines are affected, gas and liquid can accumulate, causing the abdomen to become distended or swollen.

Signs of abdominal distension are often accompanied by other symptoms, such as feeding intolerance, bloody stool, or symptoms of sepsis. Early identification of these signs is critical, as NEC can progress rapidly and may require immediate medical intervention, including surgery.

The other options presented do not specifically relate to the classic signs of NEC. Frequent urination is not associated with this condition, and though excessive sleepiness and jaundice (yellowing of the skin) can occur in various medical conditions affecting newborns, they are not typical indicators of NEC specifically. Therefore, recognizing abdominal distension as a key sign aids healthcare providers in diagnosing and managing this serious condition promptly.