What is a characteristic of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants?

• A. Lungs become stiff and noncompliant
• B. Congestive heart failure
• C. Increased lung capacity
• D. Normal oxygen saturation levels

Answer: (A)

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a common respiratory condition in preterm infants characterized by injury and inflammation of the lungs, leading to the development of stiff and noncompliant lungs. This occurs as a result of mechanical ventilation and oxygen therapy that can cause damage to the delicate lung tissue. The stiffening of the lungs results in difficulty with ventilation, making it challenging for the infant to breathe effectively.

Other potential characteristics of BPD include prolonged oxygen dependency and an increased risk of respiratory infections, but the hallmark feature is the altered compliance of the lungs, which leads to breathing difficulties.

The other options do not accurately reflect the typical features associated with bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Congestive heart failure is a separate condition that may occur in preterm infants, but it is not a defining characteristic of BPD. Increased lung capacity would not be expected in infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia since the condition primarily affects lung function and compliance. Lastly, normal oxygen saturation levels would also not be characteristic of BPD, as infants with this condition often require supplemental oxygen to maintain adequate oxygen saturation levels.