True or False: Infants born preterm have a higher mortality rate during the neonatal period compared to those born full term.

• A. True
• B. False

Answer: (A)

Infants born preterm do indeed have a higher mortality rate during the neonatal period when compared to those born full term. This increased risk is primarily due to several factors associated with preterm birth, including underdeveloped organ systems, particularly the lungs and brain. Preterm infants often face complications such as respiratory distress syndrome, infections, and difficulties regulating body temperature, which can contribute to higher rates of morbidity and mortality. Additionally, the earlier an infant is born, the greater the risk of complications, which is why neonatal care for preterm infants is critical in improving their survival rates. Thus, the assertion that preterm infants have a higher mortality rate during the neonatal period is accurate.