Cold stress in a newborn can result in which of the following?

• A. Hypoglycemia
• B. Hyperglycemia
• C. Dehydration
• D. Infection

Answer: (A)

Cold stress in a newborn occurs when the infant is unable to maintain an optimal body temperature, typically due to exposure to a cold environment. One of the physiological responses to cold stress is that the body increases its metabolic rate to generate heat. In this process, the newborn utilizes glucose as an energy source.

When a newborn experiences cold stress, the elevated metabolism can deplete glycogen stores rapidly, leading to a decrease in blood glucose levels, known as hypoglycemia. This is particularly concerning in newborns because they have limited glycogen reserves, and their ability to mobilize energy stores is not fully developed.

Maintaining appropriate blood sugar levels is crucial for newborns, as hypoglycemia can lead to serious complications, including lethargy, seizures, and even brain injury if not promptly identified and treated. Thus, hypoglycemia is a direct consequence of cold stress as the newborn's body works harder to maintain temperature, resulting in an increased demand for energy that outpaces the supply.